mod or discourse ? #

In Spoken, we much more use the relation discourse, because there is much more discourse marker in oral productions, but also because we become aware that some units can be discourse markers rather than modifiers.
Nevertheless, even in Spoken, we often hesitate between discourse and mod and some annotations are not very consistent. For instance, en fait is analyzed in both ways for similar constructions:
http://match.grew.fr/?corpus=SUD_French-Rhapsodie@latest&custom=5fb3d5daef80e&clustering=e.label

One test we can use for distinguishing both constructions is the clefting: typical modifiers can be clefted while discourse markers cannot:

il a répondu sans hésiter => c’est sans hésiter qu’il a répondu
bon c’est pas gagné => *c’est bon que c’est pas gagné

Some adverbs cannot be clefted:

il est toujours content => *c’est toujours qu’il est content

but these adverbs are clearly modifiers and the test is not required.
The test is only needed for small units which are prosodically detached.
According to that, en fait or du coup should be analysed as discourse.

This analysis will also be applied to so called “sentence adverbs”:

il a répondu franchement => franchement is mod
franchement c’est pas gagné => franchement is discourse